Cómo ver y borrar los códigos de error o fallo de Harley-Davidson

En este tutorial aprenderemos a aprovechar uno de los recursos más interesantes que ofrecen los sistemas de inyección electrónica en las motocicletas modernas: el acceso a los códigos de error (Engine Troublecode).

Funcionalidades
Los sistemas de inyección electrónica utilizan un pequeño ordenador integrado en el equipo eléctrico de la moto para gestionar principalmente 2 cosas:

• Cuánta gasolina necesita el motor y en qué momento (control de los inyectores)
• Cuándo se quema esta gasolina (control de la chispa de encendido)

Para llevar a cabo este cometido el sistema EFI consta de sensores y actuadores, recibiendo y enviando señales muchas veces por segundo.
Cuando algún sensor (input), actuador (output) o sus sistemas asociados funcionan de manera incorrecta la centralita de la moto es capaz de detectarlo, poniendo dicho sensor en “modo fallo”, enviando o recibiendo una señal intermedia fija para que el motociclista pueda volver a casa o al taller y activando al mismo tiempo la luz de Código de Error para advertir al conductor de que algo no va bien.

Históricos y actuales
Los códigos de error pueden ser actuales, en tiempo real, o pueden ser históricos, es decir, se han producido en un momento determinado pero se han corregido automáticamente y simplemente quedan grabados en el registro de la memoria.
Si la motocicleta presenta un fallo de motor actual la luz de fallo permanecerá encendida constantemente, si se enciende al poner el contacto y se apaga tras 8 segundos indica que el código (o códigos) es histórico.
Si el fallo es relativo a los intermitentes o al sistema de alarma en lugar de la luz de fallo de motor se encenderá el símbolo de la “llave” en el display y si el problema es de ABS se indicará mediante su propia luz de fallo.

Acceso a los códigos de fallo (wow test)
Contrariamente a lo que muchas usuarios piensan no es necesario un ordenador para poder leer, interpretar o borrar los códigos de fallo.
Basta con mantener presionado el botón de reset del cuentakilómetros mientras se pone la llave de encendido en “on”. La aguja del instrumento se moverá en todo su recorrido y todos los testigos se iluminarán, tras lo cual aparecerá en el display digital el menú de códigos de fallo:

• P = POWERTRAIN Comprende los códigos relacionado con el motor y la ECM
• B = BODY Comprende los sistemas que conforman algunos sistemas eléctricos, inmobilizador e intermitentes o radio
• C = CHASIS Comprende los sistemas relacionado con el chasis como pueden ser los sistemas ABS
• SP=SPEEDO Errores relacionados con el velocímetro
• T=TACHOMETER Errores relacionados con el cuentarrevoluciones
• U = NETWORK Comprende los problemas relacionados con la transmisión de datos de un modulo a otro, las redes de comunicación se pueden averiar y dejar sistemas completos por fuera del sistema. En ese caso cualquiera de los módulos restantes pueden generar un código relacionado con ese sistema.

Utilizando la pulsación del botón de reset del cuentakilómetros podemos “pasar” de un menú a otro (pulsación corta) o podemos entrar en cada uno de los menús (pulsación larga). Dentro de los menús veremos los números que representan los diferentes códigos de fallo:

• Motor y centralita:

POO51 Heater Control Circuit 02 Sensor Low
PO106 Map Sensor Rate of Range Error
P0107 Map Sensor Failed Open/Low
P0108 Map Sensor Failed High
P0112 IAT Sensor Voltage Low
P0113 IAT Sensor Voltage Open / High
P0117 ET Sensor Voltage Low
P0118 ET Sensor Voltage Open / High
P0120 TPS1 Range Error TPS
P0122 TPS1 Low TPS
P0123 TPS1 High / Open TPS
P0131 Front 02 Sensor Low (lean)
P0132 Front 02 Sensor High (rich)
P0134 Front 02 Sensor Open / Not Responding
P0151 Rear 02 Sensor Low (lean)
P0152 Rear 02 Sensor High (rich)
P0154 Rear 02 Sensor Open / Not Responding
P0220 TPS2 Range Error
P0222 TPS2 Low TPS
P0223 TPS2 High/Open
P0261 Front Injector Open/Low
P0262 Front Injector High
P0263 Rear Injector Open/Low
P0264 Rear Injector High (CAN-Bus)
P0264 Rear Injector Open/Low
P0265 Rear Injector High
P0371 Crank Position Sensor, Too Many Pulses
P0372 Crank Position Sensor, Too Few Pulses
P0373 CKP Sensor Intermittent
P0374 CKP Sensor Not Detected
P0444 Purge Solenoid (Evap. Canister) Open/Low
P0445 Purge Solenoid (Evap. Canister) High
P0501 VSS Low
P0502 VSS High/Open (Can-Bus)
P0502 VSS Speed Failed Low
P0503 VSS Speed Failed High
P0505 Loss of Idle Speed Control
P0506 Idle Speed Control RPM Too Low
P0507 Idle Air Control System RPM Higher Than Expected
P0562 Battery Voltage Low
P0563 Battery Voltage High
P0572 Brake Switch Low
P0577 Cruise Control Input High
P0602 Calibration Memory Error
P0603 ECM EEPROM Failure
P0604 RAM Failure
P0605 ECM Flash Error
P0607 Converter Error
P0641 5V+Vref 1 Out of Range
P0651 5V+Vref 2 Out of Range
P0661 Intake Solenoid Low/Open
P0662 Intake Solenoid High/Shorted
P1001 System Relay Coil Open/Low
P1002 System Relay Coil High/Shorted
P1003 System Relay Contacts Open
P1004 System Relay Contacts Closed
P1009 Incorrect Password
P1010 Missing Password
P1270 TGS Validation Error
P1351 Front Ignition Open/Low
P1352 Front Ignition Coil High/Shorted
P1353 Front Cylinder No Combustion
P1354 Rear Ignition Coil Open/Low
P1355 Rear Ignition Coil High/Shorted
P1356 Rear Cylinder No Combustion
P1357 Front Intermittent Secondary Combustion
P1358 Rear Intermittent Secondary Combustion
P1475 Exhaust Actuation Position Error
P1477 Exhaust Actuator Open/Low
P1478 Exhaust Actuator Shorted/High
P1501 Jiffy Stand Sensor Low
P1502 Jiffy Stand Sensor High
P1510 EFI Limited Performance Mode (TBW)
P1511 EFI Power Management Mode
P1512 EFI Forced Idle Mode
P1514 Air Flow Fault (TBW)
P1600 EFI Module Processor Internal Error
P1632 Odometer Learned Up
P2100 EFI TCA Motor Circuit Open (TBW)
P2101 EFI TCA Motor Circuit Range/Performance
P2102 EFI TCA Motor Circuit Low
P2103 EFI TCA Motor Circuit High
P2105 EFI Forced Engine Shutdown
P2107 EFI Module Control Processor Internal Fault
P2119 EFI Motor Throttle Body Range Performance (TBW)
P2122 TGS1 Low/Open
P2123 TGS1 High
P2127 TGS2 Low/Open
P2128 TGS2 High
P2135 TPS Voltage Correlation Error
P2138 TGS Voltage Correlation Error
P2176 EFI Closed Postion Not Learned
P2300 Front Ignition Coil Driver Low/Open
P2301 Front Ignition Coil Driver High/Shortened
P2303 Rear Ignition Coil Driver Low/Open
P2304 Rear Ignition Coil Driver High/Shortened

• Frenos y ABS:

C0562 Device Voltage Low
C0563 Device Voltage High
C1014 ECU Internal Fault ABS
C1017 Pump Motor Power Circuit Fault
C1018 Pump Motor Ground High Resistance Fault
C1021 Front Wheel Speed Sensor Equals Zero
C1023 Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Equals Zero
C1025 Front Wheel Speed Signal Intermittent
C1027 Front Wheel Speed Frequency Out Of Range
C1032 Front Wheel Speed Sensor Open or Shorted
C1034 Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Open or Shorted
C1041 Rear Actuator Circuit Low/Open
C1042 Front Actuator Circuit Open
C1043 Pump Motor Stalled
C1044 Rear Actuator Circuit Open
C1052 Rear Actuator Circuit High
C1055 ABS ECU Internal Fault
C1066 ECU Internal Fault
C1094 Front Brake Switch Always On
C1095 Front Brake Switch Open
C1102 Rear Actuator Motor Stalled
C1118 ECU Internal Fault
C1121 ECU Internal Fault
C1151 Front Wheel Release Too Long
C1153 Rear Wheel Release Too Long
C1158 Calibration Programming Required
C1178 No VIN Received From ECM
C1184 VIN Does Not Match ABS ECU Calibration
C1192 Front Actuator Circuit High
C1193 Front Actuator Motor Stalled/td>
C1206 Front Wheel Speed Sensor Frequency Out of Range
C1207 Rear Wheel Speed Signal Intermittent
C1208 Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Frequency Out of Range
C1212 Front or Rear Brake not Applied With Decel
C1214 Rear Brake Switch Always On
C1216 Rear Brake Switch Open
C1222 ABS Voltage Low Terminal 11
C1223 ABS Voltage Low Terminal 20
C1224 Front Actuator Power Shorted High
C1225 Rear Actuator Power Shorted High
C1561 Front Apply Solenoid Circuit Open or High
C1562 Front Apply Solenoid Circuit Shorted Low
C1563 Front Solenoid Circuit Shorted High
C1564 Front Release Solenoid Circuit Open or High
C1565 Front Release Solenoid Circuit Shorted Low
C1567 Rear Apply Solenoid Circuit Open or High
C1568 Rear Apply Solenoid Circuit Shorted Low
C1571 Rear Solenoid Circuit Shorted High
C1572 Rear Release Solenoid Circuit Open or High Resistance
C1573 Rear Realease Solenoid Circuit Shorted Low

• Batería, encendido y sistema eléctrico:

B0563 Battery Voltage High TSM / TSSM
B1004 Fuel Level Sending Unit Low Instruments
B1005 Fuel Level Sending Unit High / Open
B1006 Accessory Line Overvoltage
B1007 Ignition Line Overvoltage Instruments
B1008 Reset Switch Closed Instruments
B1101 LHCM Turn Signal Bulb Out
B1103 LHCM Internal Fault
B1121 Left Turn Output Fault TSM / TSSM
B1122 Right Turn Output Fault TSM / TSSM
B1123 Left Turn Output Short to Ground TSM/TSSM
B1124 Right Turn Output Short to Ground TSM/TSSM
B1125 Left Turn Output Short to Battery TSM/TSSM
B1126 Right Turn Output Short to Battery TSM/TSSM
B1131 Alarm Output Low TSSM
B1132 Alarm Output High TSSM
B1134 Starter Output High TSM/TSSM
B1135 Accelerometer Fault TSM/TSSM
B1136 Accelerometer Tip Test Error TSSM
B1141 Ignition Switch Open / Low TSSM
B1142 Smart Security System Internal Fault TSSM
B1143 Security Antenna Short To Ground TSSM
B1144 Security Antenna Short To Battery TSSM
B1145 Security Antenna Open TSSM
B1151 (Sidecar) BAS Low TSM/TSSM
B1151 RHCM Turn Signal Bulb Out
B1152 (Sidecar) BAS High TSM/TSSM
B1153 (Sidecar) BAS Out Of Range TSM/TSSM
B1153 RHCM Internal Fault
B1154 Clutch Switch Input Short To Ground
B1155 Neutral Switch Input Short To Battery
B1200 Instrument Internal Fault
B1210 Fuel Sender Shorted Low / Fuel Gauge Circuit
B1211 Fuel Sender Shorted High / Open
B2102 System Power Output Shorted High
B2103 System Power Output Shorted Low
B2104 System Power Output Overloaded
B2107 Front Position / Running Power Output Shorted High
B2108 Front Position / Running Power Output Shorted Low
B2109 Front Position / Running Power Output Overloaded
B2112 Accessory Output Shorted High
B2113 Accessory Output Shorted Low
B2114 Accessory Output Overloaded
B2116 Fuel Pump Output Open
B2117 Fuel Pump Output Shorted High
B2118 Fuel Pump Output Shorted Low
B2119 Fuel Pump Output Overloaded
B2121 Starter Output Open/BCM Malfunction
B2122 Starter Output Shorted High
B2123 Starter Output Shorted Low
B2124 Starter Output Overloaded
B2126 Horn Output Open
B2127 Horn Output Shorted High
B2128 Horn Output Shorted Low
B2129 Horn Output Overloaded
B2131 High Beam Output Open
B2132 High Beam Output Shorted High
B2133 High Beam Output Shorted Low
B2134 High Beam Output Overloaded
B2136 Low Beam Output Open
B2137 Low Beam Output Shorted High
B2138 Low Beam Output Shorted Low
B2139 Low Beam Output Overloaded
B2141 Left Front Turn Signal Output Open
B2143 Left Front Turn Signal Output Shorted Low
B2144 Left Front Turn Signal Output Overloaded
B2146 Right Front Turn Signal Output Open
B2148 Right Front Turn Signal Output Shorted Low
B2149 Right Front Turn Signal Output Overloaded
B2151 Left Rear Turn Signal Output Open
B2153 Left Rear Turn Signal Output Shorted Low
B2154 Left Rear Turn Signal Output Overloaded
B2156 Right Rear Turn Signal Output Open
B2158 Right Rear Turn Signal Output Shorted Low
B2159 Right Rear Turn Signal Output Overloaded
B2161 Brake Lamp Output Open
B2163 Brake Lamp Output Shorted Low
B2164 Brake Lamp Output Overloaded
B2166 Running Lights Output Open
B2168 Running Lights Output Shorted High
B2169 Running Lights Output Shorted Low
B2172 Security Siren Output Shorted High
B2173 Security Siren Output Shorted Low
B2176 Security Antenna Output Open
B2177 Security Antenna Output Shorted High
B2178 Security Antenna Output Shorted Low
B2203 Ignition Switch Input Shorted Low
B2206 Engine Stop Switch Input Open/Shorted High
B2208 Engine Stop Switch Input Shorted Low
B2218 Neutral Switch Shorted Low
B2223 Rear Brake Switch Shorted Low
B2250 Clutch Switch Stuck
B2251 Horn Switch Stuck
B2252 High Beam Switch Stuck
B2253 Low Beam Switch Stuck
B2254 Left Turn Switch Stuck
B2255 Trip Switch Stuck
B2260 Start Switch Stuck
B2261 Right Turn Switch Stuck
B2262 Front Brake Switch Stuck
B2263 Hazard Switch Stuck
B2270 BCM Internal Fault
B2271 BCM Low Voltage
B2272 BCM or Speedometer Voltage High
B2274 Constant Battery Line Fault

• Comunicaciones:

U0001 CAN bus Fault
U0011 CAN bus Low Shorted / Can bus High
U0100 Lost Communication With ECM
U0121 Lost Communication With ABS
U0140 Lost Communication With BCM
U0141 Lost Communication With LHCM
U0142 Lost Communication With RHCM
U0156 Lost Communication With Speedometer
U1016 Loss of ICM/ECM Serial Data
U1040 Loss OF Communication With ABS
U1064 Loss Of TSM/TSSM Serial Data
U1097 Loss Of Speedometer Serial Data
U1255 Missing Message at Speedometer EFI
U1300 Serial Data Low
U1301 Serial Data Open/High
U1302 Infotainment Bus Off
U1306 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With Handsfree Phone
U1307 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With CB
U1308 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With Future
U1312 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With Future
U1313 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With Radio Satellite
U1314 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With Navigation
U1317 Infotainment Bus Lost Communication With High-Out Amplifier

• Audio y multimedia:

B2006 Radio Switch Stuck or Open
B2007 Handlebar Switch Shorted High
B2008 Handlebar Switch Shorted Low
B2009 Handlebar Switch Stuck or Open
B2010 Passenger Switch Shorted High
B2011 Passenger Switch Shorted Low
B2012 Passenger Switch Stuck or Open
B2013 Sidecar Switch Shorted High
B2014 Sidecar Switch Shorted Low
B2015 Sidecar Switch Stuck or Open
B2016 Front Speaker Shortened R1.0 Ohm When Setup
B2017 Front Speaker Opened R>100 Ohms Tested Once per Ignition Cycle Ignition ON after Ignition Off for at Least 10 sec.
B2018 Front Speaker Shortened to Ground Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2019 Front Speaker Shortened to Battery Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2020 Rear Speaker Shortened R1.0 Ohm When Setup
B2021 Rear Speaker Opened R>100 Ohms Tested Once Per Ignition Cycle Ignition ON After Ignition
B2022 Rear Speaker Shortened to Ground Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2023 Rear Speaker Shortened to Battery Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2024 Sidecar Speaker Shortened R1.0 Ohm
B2025 Sidecar Speaker Opened R>100 Ohms Tested Once Per Ignition Cycle Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2026 Sidecar Speaker Shortened to Ground Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.
B2027 Sidecar Speaker Shortened to Battery Ignition ON After Ignition OFF for at Least 10 sec.

Si en algún momento mantenemos presionado el botón de reset durante más de 2 segundos borraremos todos los códigos de error (aparecen las letras "CLr").

Parece complicado, pero no lo es
Ahora que ya sabemos cómo acceder, leer y borrar los códigos de fallo verás que es muy sencillo realizar un primer diagnóstico en caso de que se presente algún problema, ya que el número de la tabla te guiará directamente hacia el sensor o sistema problemáticos, y siguiendo las indicaciones del manual de taller para tu año y modelo podrás realizar las pruebas pertinentes para dar con el problema y corregirlo.
Una recomendación muy importante a la hora de verificar el sistema EFI es leer bien y entender cada prueba especificada en el manual, de este modo y con un sencillo “paso a paso” seremos capaces de resolver problemas complejos.

Frank Burguera

#mecanicaharley